82 THE ADVOCATE
VOL. 80 PART 1 JANUARY 2022
<www.colombiancaravana.org.uk/wp-content/
uploads/2019/07/Letter-Paula-Rocero_ENG.pdf>.
4. Included among the lawyers subjected to threats
were prominent human rights lawyers Reinaldo Villalba
in 2020 and Yessika Hoyos and Sebastián
Escobar Uribe in 2021. See LRWC, “Colombia:
Lawyers at Risk and Support for Judicial Independence”
(3 September 2020), online: <www.lrwc.
org/colombia-lawyers-at-risk-and-support-for-judi
cial-independence-joint-letter/>; International Federation
for Human Rights, “Colombia: Amenazas a
abogada del CAJAR Yessika Hoyos y a padre de víctima
Alfonso Mora León” (16 June 2021), online:
<www.fidh.org/es/temas/defensores-de-derechoshumanos/
colombia-amenazas-contra-de-abogadadel
cajar-yessika-hoyos-morales-y>; IAPL Moni-
toring Committee on Attacks on Lawyers, “Lawyer
Sebastián Escobar Uribe Threatened Again in the
Course of His Work” (3 March 2021), online:
<defendlawyers.wordpress.com/2021/03/08/
colombia-lawyer-sebastian-escobar-threatenedagain
in-the-course-of-his-work/>.
5. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights,
“IACHR Reiterates Its Concern Over the Violence
Recorded in 2020 Against Human Rights Defenders
in Colombia” (22 January 2021), online: <www.
oas.org/en/IACHR/jsForm/?File=/en/iachr/media
_center/PReleases/2021/013.asp>.
6. Human Rights Watch, “Amicus Brief on Killings of
Human Rights Defenders in Colombia” (“Amicus Brief”)
(20 April 2021), note 4 and accompanying text,
online: <www.hrw.org/news/2021/04/20/amicus-
brief-killings-human-rights-defenders-colombia>.
7. In Colombia, the term “social leaders” is equivalent
to the term “civil society leaders”.
8. Human Rights Watch, “Amicus Brief”, supra note 6;
Colombian Caravana UK Lawyers Group, “Individual
Submission to the Universal Periodic Review of
Colombia by Colombian Caravana UK Lawyers
Group” (for consideration at the 30th session of the
Working Group in May 2018, 5 October 2017),
online: <uprdoc.ohchr.org/uprweb/downloadfile.
aspx?filename=5260&file=EnglishTranslation>.
9. Institute for Development and Peace Studies (Instituto
de estudios para el desarrollo y la paz), “Líderes
sociales y defensores de derechos humanos asesinados
en 2020” (Social leaders and human rights
defenders assassinated in 2020), online: <www
.indepaz.org.co/lideres/>.
10. Global Witness, “Last Line of Defence” (September
2021), online: <www.globalwitness.org/en/cam
paigns/environmental-activists/last-line-defence/>.
11. Final Report – International Observation for the
Guarantees of Social Protest and Against Impunity in
Colombia (Informe Final – Misión de observación
internacional por garantías a la protesta social y
contra la impunidad en Colombia) (7 October
2021), online: <www.justiciaypazcolombia.com/
wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Informe-Mision-de-
Verificacion-protesta-social-version-27-oct-2021_
compressed.pdf>. See also Comisión interamericana
de derechos humanos, Observaciones y recomendaciones
– Visita de trabajo a Colombia (Visita: Junio
2021), online: <www.oas.org/es/cidh/informes/
pdfs/ObservacionesVisita_CIDH_Colombia_SPA.
pdf>; Human Rights Watch, “Amicus Brief”, supra
note 6.
12. “Ong sociales y UTL de Álex López denuncian
seguimientos por parte de la Policía”, El Espectador (1
November 2021), online: <www.elespectador. com/
politica/organizaciones-sociales-y-utl-de-alex-lopezdenuncian
seguimientos-por-parte-de-la-policia/>.
13. International Observatory for Lawyers, “Country
File: Colombia – Lawyers in Danger: The Use of Justice
as a Persecution Mechanism”, online: <protectlawyers.
org/wp-content/uploads/EN-Country-File_
COLOMBIA-1.pdf>; Front Line Defenders, “Johan
Sebastián Moreno Castro”, online: <www.frontlinedefenders.
org/en/profile/johan-sebastianmoreno
castro>.
14. “Denuncian presuntos seguimientos a colectivos de
DD.HH. y a senador”, El Tiempo (2 November
2021), online: <www.eltiempo.com/colombia/cali
denuncian-seguimientos-a-redes-de-derechoshumanos
y-a-senador-629301>. For an English language
explanation of this statement, see Peace
Brigades International Canada, “NOMADESC Says
Police Surveilled Meeting with National Strike Participants
Victimized by State Violence” (4 November
2021), online: <pbicanada.org/2021/11/04/
nomadesc-says-police-surveilled-meeting-withnational
strike-participants-victimized-by-state-
violence/>. For more context on the National Strike
and human rights violations, particularly in Cali, as
well as NOMADESC’s recent experiences of harassment,
see Peace Brigades International Canada,
“PBI-Colombia Accompanies NOMADESC at Meeting
with ONU Derechos Humanos Colombia” (10
November 2021), online: <pbicanada.org/2021/
11/10/pbi-colombia-accompanies-nomadesc-atmeeting
with-onu-derechos-humanos-colombia/>.
15. Lawyers for Lawyers, LRWC & Colombian Caravana,
“Mid-Term Report: Review of the Implementation
of Recommendations with Respect to the Rule of
Law and the Role of Human Rights Defenders
Accepted by Colombia During the UPR in 2018”
(September 2021), online: <www.lrwc.org/colombia
mid-term-report-upr/>. For more detail, see
joint letter from Colombian Caravana et al to President
Iván Duque Márquez and Francisco Barbosa
Delgado re: “Alleged illegal espionage against
lawyers from the Inter-church Commission of Justice
and Peace (CIJP), José Alvear Restrepo Collective
(CCAJAR), and other human rights defenders” (23
July 2020), online: <www.lrwc.org/colombia-alle
gations-of-illegal-surveillance-against-lawyers-andother
human-rights-defenders-joint-letter/>.
16. Lawyers for Lawyers, LRWC & Colombian Caravana,
supra note 15; IAPL Monitoring Committee on
Attacks on Lawyers, supra note 4.
17. LRWC, “Colombia: Recent Threats Against and Protective
Measures for Human Rights Lawyer Adil
Meléndez Márquez” (9 February 2020), online:
<www.lrwc.org/colombia-threats-against-humanrights
lawyer-adil-melendez-marquez-letter/>.
18. International Observatory for Lawyers, supra note 13.
19. See LRWC’s interventions online: <www.lrwc.org/
category/publications/campaigns/countries/>.
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