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handling NSL offences and whether there is a real risk that a person’s right
to a fair trial in the HKSAR will be breached. A court’s examination of the
HKSAR’s judicial system relating to NSL-designated judges does not amount
to interfering with the internal affairs of the HKSAR; it is ensuring that the
constitutional rights of persons in Canada who are at risk of being returned
to the HKSAR and tried by an NSL-designated judge are protected.
ENDNOTES
1. Online: <www.elegislation.gov.hk/doc/hk/a406/
eng_translation_(a406)_en.pdf>.
2. Online: <www.basiclaw.gov.hk/filemanager/content
/en/files/basiclawtext/basiclaw_full_text.pdf>.
3. See HKSAR v Lai Chee Ying (2021), 24 HKCFAR 33
at paras 9–10 Lai Chee Ying.
4. Tong Ying Kit v Secretary for Justice, 2021 3 HKLRD
350 at para 37 Tong Ying Kit.
5. Laws of Hong Kong (Cap 383).
6. Lai Chee Ying, supra note 3 at paras 37, 42.
7. On January 12, 2022, the current CE, Carrie Lam
Cheng Yuet-ngor, when addressing the opening of
the new Legislative Council session, announced that
the HKSAR would enact national security legislation
pursuant to art 23 of the Basic Law, which lists
offences other than those in the NSL.
8. NSL, supra note 1, art 12.
9. Ibid, art 11.
10. Ibid, art 13.
11. Ibid, art 15.
12. Ibid, art 14.
13. Ibid, art 48.
14. Ibid, art 16.
15. Ibid, art 18.
16. Ibid.
17. R v Campbell, 1999 1 SCR 565 at paras 27-34; R
v Beaudry, 2007 SCC 5 at para 48; Smith v Ontario
(Attorney General), 2019 ONCA 651 at paras 38–
64.
18. Kreiger v Law Society of Alberta, 2002 SCC 65 at
para 3; Miazga v Kvello Estate, 2009 SCC 51 at
para 46; R v Cawthorne, 2016 SCC 32 at paras 23–
26.
19. Basic Law, supra note 2, art 8: “The laws previously
in force in Hong Kong, that is, the common law, rules
of equity, ordinances, subordinate legislation and
customary law shall be maintained except for any
that contravene this Law, and subject to any amendment
by the legislature of the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region”.
20. 1986 2 SCR 56 at 73.
21. 2006 UKPC D1 at para 23.
22. Miller v Procurator Fiscal (Scotland), 2001 UKPC
D4 at paras 26 (Lord Bingham) and 52 (Lord Hope)
Miller.
23. 1985 2 SCR 673 at para 22 Valente.
24. Bryan v UK (1996), 21 EHRR 342 at para 37; Findlay
v UK (1997), 24 EHRR 221 at para 73.
25. Article 88 guarantees that judges are appointed by
the CE on the recommendation of an independent
commission composed of local judges, persons from
the legal profession and eminent persons from other
sectors.
26. NSL, supra note 1, art 44.
27. Valente, supra note 23 at para 27.
28. 2018 UKPC 23 Chief Justice of Trinidad and
Tobago.
29. Ibid at para 18.
30. Misick and Others v The Queen (Turks and Caicos),
2015 1 WLR 3215 at para 22.
31. NSL, supra note 1, art 44.
32. 2006 229 ALR 223 at para 223.
33. 1999 SCCR 1052 at 1097E.
34. In Miller, supra note 22 the issue was whether a litigant
could waive the right to an independent tribunal.
The Solicitor General of Scotland accepted the
correctness of Starrs v Ruxton.
35. Supra note 33 at 1077–78.
36. Ibid at 1097F–G.
37. Ibid at 1091F.
38. Ibid at 1092A–E.
39. NSL, supra note 1, art 44.
40. Chief Justice of Trinidad and Tobago, supra note 28
at para 18, Lady Hale.
41. Supra note 33 at 1083B–C.
42. Findlay v United Kingdom (1997), 24 EHRR 221 at
para 79.
43. Valente, supra note 23 at para 21.
44. NSL, supra note 1, art 46(1).
45. Tong Ying Kit, supra note 4 at para 71.
46. Australia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands,
New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the
United States of America also suspended their fugitive
offender agreements with the HKSAR.
47. SC 1999, c 18.
48. Bermingham and Others v Director of the Serious
Fraud Office and Another, 2007 QB 727 at para
40; Kolodziej v Regional Court in Lublin (Poland),
2015 EWHC 1639 (Admin) at para 2; Edutanu v
Iasi Court of Law and Others, 2016 1 WLR 2933 at
para 13.
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