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16. This was done by repealing ss 276.1 to 276.5 and
adding ss 278.93 to 278.97 of the Code. See Bill
C-51, supra note 1, ss 22, 25. These latter provisions
govern both “rape shield” applications under s 276
and applications to admit first-party records under
s 278.92. The right to participate and be represented
is found in ss 278.93(2)–(3). The complainant
thus has a right to participate at these hearings but
does not thereby acquire standing as a party to the
prosecution.
17. Section 278.1 as amended extends its definition of
“records” to first-party records by making reference
to s 278.92 at the outset of the provision.
18. The requirement to satisfy both tests in a case of this
nature is made explicit in s 278.92(2)(a).
19. Osolin, supra note 6 at 671.
20. Subsection (c) reflects concerns raised by the majority
in M(A) v Ryan, 1997 1 SCR 157 at para 29
over “the effect that a finding of no privilege would
have on the ability of other persons suffering from
similar trauma to obtain needed treatment and of
psychiatrists to provide it”.
21. Criminal Code, supra note 2, s 278.1.
22. Decisions considering whether a document is a
record under s 278.92 include: R v RMR, 2019
BCSC 1093 RMR; R v MS, 2019 ONCJ 670; R v
McKnight, 2019 ABQB 755; R v WM, 2019 ONSC
6535; R v Mai, 2019 ONSC 6691; R v Navia, 2020
ABPC 20; Her Majesty the Queen v TA, 2020 ONSC
2613; R v AM, 2020 ONSC 1846; R v White, 2020
ONSC 1808; R v BH, 2020 ONSC 4533.
23. R v Duarte, 1990 1 SCR 30 at 48.
24. Decisions considering whether to admit a record
include: RMR, supra note 22; R v EM, 2019 ONSC
6120 EM; R v FA, 2019 ONCJ 848 FA; R v AC,
2020 ONSC 184 AC; R v RS, 2020 ONSC 1509;
R v CC, 2020 CarswellNfld 176 CC; R v GE, 2020
ONCJ 453.
25. Criminal Code, supra note 2, s 278.94(4)(c).
26. RMR, supra note 22.
27. Ibid at para 38.
28. FA, supra note 24.
29. Ibid at paras 17–18, 25.
30. AC, supra note 24.
31. CC, supra note 24.
32. EM, supra note 24.
33. Criminal Code, supra note 2, s 278.92(3)(b).
34. Her Majesty the Queen v JJ, 2020 CanLII 102979
(SCC) (leave granted December 23, 2020), on
appeal from the decision in R v JJ, 2020 BCSC 29
JJ.
35. Criminal Code, supra note 2, s 278.93(4).
36. See e.g. R v A(RS), 2019 ONCJ 645; JJ, supra note
34.